Complicaciones post quirúrgicas tempranas de colostomía en pacientes mayores de 18 años ingresados por trauma abdominal por herida por arma de fuego en el Hospital de Especialidades Teodoro Maldonado Carbo del 2023-2024.

Abstract

Introduction: This study aims to determine the prevalence of early postoperative complications in patients with colostomy due to abdominal trauma by firearm, treated at the Teodoro Maldonado Carbo Hospital (2023-2024). The predominant age and sex, frequency and nature of complications, associated mortality and common pathologic antecedents will be analyzed in order to identify factors that influence the clinical evolution of these patients. Methodology: This is a retrospective, cross-sectional, observational and descriptive study carried out at the Teodoro Maldonado Carbo Hospital. The information was obtained through the review of electronic medical records of patients over 18 years of age who underwent surgery for abdominal trauma due to gunshot wounds between 2023 and 2024. A total of 356 patients with colostomies of less than 30 days were analyzed, after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were processed with SPSS 26, including variables such as age, sex, pathologic history and early colostomy complications. No sample calculation was performed, since the entire population was included. Results: Of the 356 patients included, 75.3% were men and 24.7% women, with a mean age of 39.41 years (SD=13.45). The most common antecedents were obesity (28.09%), hypertension and diabetes (21.07%), and type 2 diabetes (18.82%). Prevalent early complications were mucosal edema (22.75%), surgical site infection (18.5%), and high-expenditure stoma (13.48%). Mortality was 22%, mainly associated with mucosal edema (23.8%), surgical infection (17.5%) and high debit stoma (13.8%). Among the deceased, 43.8% had type 2 diabetes and 42.5% obesity. Conclusions: The investigation identified a high prevalence of early postsurgical complications in patients with colostomy after abdominal trauma from gunshot wound, the most common being mucosal edema and surgical site infection. Mortality reached 22%, and the main risk factors were type 2 diabetes and obesity. These findings highlight the importance of comprehensive management to reduce complications and improve prognosis.