Caracterización epidemiológica y factores de riesgo de diabetes gestacional en Hospital de Especialidades Teodoro Maldonado Carbo en el periodo 2019-2023.

Abstract

Introduction: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a metabolic disorder that appears specifically during pregnancy, defined by an alteration in glucose tolerance. This condition carries considerable health risks for both the mother and the newborn. The increase in the frequency of GDM cases in various regions highlights the importance of carrying out research at the local level. Objective: This study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated risk factors of GDM at the HETMC the period 2019-2023. Methodology: A descriptive, longitudinal, and retrospective research design was employed for this study. Data collection involved a thorough review of medical records from 189 patients diagnosed with GDM, examining variables such as age, ethnicity, family history, and adverse perinatal outcomes. Results: The findings indicated that the prevalence of GDM was highest among mestizo women (28.04%) and Afro-Ecuadorian women (26.46%). The most common risk factors identified were pregestational obesity, excessive weight gain during pregnancy, and a family history of type 2 diabetes. Conclusions: The conclusions emphasize the need for public health strategies that address modifiable risk factors and promote early and targeted interventions. These findings support the development of prevention and management policies for GDM that are tailored to local needs and underscore the importance of health education to improve maternal and neonatal outcomes in this population.