Caracterización clínico epidemiológica de pacientes con cetoacidosis diabética entre 6 meses a 17 años ingresados en el Hospital Roberto Gilbert Elizalde desde enero 2017 a diciembre del 2022.

Abstract

Diabetic ketoacidosis is a potentially critical complication, affecting approximately 15 to 67% of children with diabetes; it is more frequent, but not exclusive, in type 1 diabetes. The objective of this work is to describe the clinical and epidemiological characterization of DKA in patients between 6 months and 17 years of age admitted to the “Dr. Roberto Gilbert Elizalde” Children's Hospital from January 2017 to December 2022. Is an observational, retrospective, crosssectional and descriptive study. Eighty seven patients where admitted in this review. 98% presented type 1 diabetes; female patients were predominat with 64.3%; the most affected group was over 10 years old (43.68%), followed by the age group from 5 to 9 years old (42.5%). Moderate and severe types shared frequency with 43% each. Sixty percent (n=52) of the patients were newly diagnosed with diabetes and 40% were children with a previous diagnosis. Thirtytwo percent of the patients had blood sugar levels higher than 500 mg/dl, and 45% between 300 and 500 mg/dl. HbA1c levels were high in all groups, with an average of 12.3%. The most frequent triggers were respiratory and urinary infections. Acute kidney injury was the most frequent complication; two patients had cerebral edema. No mortality was recorded. Age, socioeconomic status, and access to health care are important factors in the presentation of this clinical entity.