Proyecto psicoeducativo-sistémico para la prevención del abuso sexual infantil de los sistemas familiares en una organización social del noroeste de Guayaquil.

Abstract

Child sexual abuse (CSA) is a complex problem that affects some family systems, where risk factors linked to the parenting styles of caregivers and other social dynamics with which the child or adolescent interacts. This can be attributed to the influence of the environment in which they live, which can become negative. For this reason, the objective of this study was to analyze the psychoeducational needs of primary caregivers for the prevention of CSA in the family system from a systemic approach in the northwest of the city of Guayaquil, Guayas province, Ecuador. To this end, activities were developed such as: data analysis, sociodemographic data collection, the application of interviews for the application of both the ECP-12 and the matrix for the identification of risk and protection factors of CSA, achieving the collection of information in situ, for each of the 18 selected families served by Fundación Niñez International. The results showed that the most important risk factors are: being a woman, lack of knowledge about sexuality, singleparent families with a history of family abandonment, lack of communication and social isolation, factors that increase vulnerability to child sexual abuse. Protective factors were: normalized child development, maternal or paternal attachment, therapeutic interventions, strengthening of emotional bonds and access to social services. On the other hand, the evaluation of parental competencies showed that most of the families present gaps in parental competencies with medium to low levels. Finally, the analysis of the relationship between risk factors and the mastery of parental competencies showed a significant correlation, which confirms the hypothesis put forward in this research.