Evaluación de los factores de riesgos psicosociales del personal al cuidado de adultos mayores en un centro gerontológico.

Abstract

This research examines psychosocial risk factors affecting the personnel responsible for the care of older adults at the Gerontological Center Hogar la Esperanza No. 2 in Guayas, Ecuador. The study employed a mixed-methods design, utilizing two assessment instruments with a population of 49 caregivers (43 women and 6 men) working in rotating shifts: the Organizational Job Stress Test, which evaluates seven dimensions including organizational climate and structure, and the Psychosocial Assessment Questionnaire in Workplaces from the Ministry of Labor of Ecuador, measuring eight specific dimensions. Findings reveal that 82% of the staff exhibit low levels of general job stress, contrasting positively with previous studies in similar contexts reporting higher levels of workload. However, critical areas were identified: competency development (37% at moderate-high risk), scope of action and control (59% at moderate-high risk), and risk of workplace harassment (47% at moderate-high risk). Based on these findings, the study proposes a comprehensive set of evidence-based preventive measures, including strengthening professional autonomy, improving communication channels, and developing psychological support programs, specifically designed to optimize working conditions and staff well-being. The results suggest the need for targeted interventions in high-risk areas while maintaining good practices that have contributed to overall low levels of job stress, thereby ensuring quality care for older adults.