Valoración de arcos dentarios en niños de 6-10 años en la clínica odontológica UCSG.

Abstract

Introduction: Dental arches, essential for pediatric dental health and functionality, undergo significant morphological changes during the mixed dentition stage (6–10 years), where alterations such as malocclusions, overbites, or open bites can compromise children's well-being. Objective: To analyze the morphology and dimensions of dental arches in children aged 6 to 10 years treated at the UCSG Dental Clinic during the B-2024 period. Materials and Methods: A quantitative, observational, cross-sectional study was conducted based on 80 dental plaster models. Measurements of arch length and width were performed using high-precision tools, such as digital calipers and dry-point compasses, complemented by Bolton and Moyers indices. Results: The predominant arch shape in the studied population was square for both the upper and lower arches, with most patients presenting Class II malocclusion. Overall, overbite distribution showed the majority of patients in the 3–5 mm category, followed by 0–2 mm and >5 mm. Functional habits identified included thumb and lip sucking, mouth breathing, and atypical swallowing. Significant associations were found between arch shape and malocclusion, transverse dimensions, overbite, and non-functional habits. Conclusions: Educating parents and caregivers on identifying and correcting these habits is crucial to prevent changes in arch shape and transverse dimensions, promoting optimal development of occlusion and oral function.