Factores psicosociales y conductuales que inciden en la prevalencia del VIH/SIDA en pobladores de la Libertad, provincia de Santa Elena.

Abstract

Introduction: HIV/AIDS has a significant impact on the quality of life of the carrier. Health authorities have implemented strategies to reduce the morbidity and mortality rate. In Ecuador, the lack of access to health services, as well as discrimination and social stigma, cause alterations in the therapeutic adherence of antiretroviral treatment, which implies an accelerated deterioration of the state of health and in turn an increase in cases of primary infection. Objective: To determine the psychosocial and behavioral factors that affect the prevalence of HIV/AIDS in inhabitants of La Libertad, Province of Santa Elena. Methodology: This is a cross- sectional, observational, prospective and analytical study. The sample is made up of 121 patients from the San Pablo Commune in the province of Santa Elena. Data were collected through a survey of 40 closed-choice questions. Results: It was observed that patients with HIV/AIDS are mainly heterosexual men between 18-29 years old. 100% of the sample receives antiretroviral treatment. 53.72% receive psycho-emotional support despite situations of violence. 75.21% have access to health services. 43.80% have medication side effects. Less than 50% of patients express discomfort with the diagnosis, but in more than 50% it has generated academic and work difficulties. Conclusions: Despite access to antiretroviral therapy, psycho-emotional support and moderate acceptance of the disease, patients with HIV/AIDS in the Commune of São Paulo require the implementation of effective strategies at the first level of care.