Prevalencia de preeclampsia en gestantes de 15 a 40 años sin antecedentes de hipertensión arterial atendidas en el Hospital León Becerra de Milagro en el periodo 2023 al 2024.

Abstract

Introduction: Preeclampsia is a public health problem causing a high number of maternal morbimortality, presenting after 20 weeks, characterized by hypertension with or without proteinuria and target organ damage. Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of preeclampsia in pregnant women aged 15 to 40 years without a history of hypertension attended at the Hospital León Becerra de Milagro in the period 2023 to 2024. Methodology: This study had a descriptive, observational, retrospective and cross-sectional design. We identified 163 pregnant women with a diagnosis of preeclampsia who met the inclusion criteria. Results: The prevalence of preeclampsia in pregnant women with no history of arterial hypertension was 71.8%. Regarding obstetrical and gynecological history, most of the pregnant women were primiparous (35%), more than half of the pregnant women had a prolonged interval between pregnancies (54%). It was observed that 48.5% of the pregnant women had a previous cesarean section, with an obstetric risk of 57.7% were categorized as very high. The diagnosis of preeclampsia in 62.60% of cases was made between the 34th and 40th week. Preterm delivery was present in 32.5% of patients, being the most common obstetric complication. Conclusions: The history of arterial hypertension in pregnant women who presented preeclampsia was not a determining factor for its presentation, so it is considered that preventive follow-up should be provided to all pregnant women.