Prevalencia de la infección por citomegalovirus en pacientes pediátricos diagnosticados con VIH de 1 a 10 años atendidos en el Hospital del Niño Dr. Francisco Icaza Bustamante durante en el período 2021 al 2023.

Abstract

Introduction: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection represents a significant complication in pediatric patients, particularly in those with advanced immunosuppression. CMV reactivation can lead to severe clinical manifestations, the most frequent being retinitis, pneumonia, hepatitis, and encephalitis. Objective: To estimate the prevalence of cytomegalovirus infection in pediatric patients aged 1 to 10 years diagnosed with HIV and treated at Hospital del Niño Dr. Francisco Icaza Bustamante during the period from 2021 to 2023. Methodology: A retrospective, descriptive, cross-sectional and observational study was conducted involving a population of 335 patients during the 2021-2023 period. From this population, a sample of 180 patients who met the inclusion criteria was selected through a review of their medical records. Results: It was found that 88,3% of pediatric patients with cytomegalovirus infection had a diagnosis of HIV, with the condition being more prevalent in females with 58,8% and most frequently occurring in the age range of 1 to 3 years with 67,67%. The main complication was retinitis, observed in 46.1% of cases. Similarly, the most common clinical manifestation was fever, reported in 50,56% of cases. Based on these findings, early diagnosis of cytomegalovirus infection in pediatric patients with HIV is crucial to implementing effective therapeutic measures that prevent the progression to severe complications and allow for appropriate treatment management.