Caracterización del síndrome coronario agudo en pacientes de 40 a 80 años con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 atendidos en el Hospital del IESS de Milagro en el periodo de enero del 2022 a mayo del 2024.

Abstract

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus multiplies cardiovascular risk, with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) being one of its main complications. Chronic hyperglycemia accelerates atherosclerosis, increasing the risk of infarction and its complications. Objective: To determine the characteristics of acute coronary syndrome in patients between 40 and 80 years of age with type 2 diabetes mellitus at the IESS Hospital in Milagro from January 2022 to May 2024 Methodology: This is an observational, cross-sectional, retrospective and descriptive study. Results: A total of 218 patients were included in the study and ACS was present in 26% of the population of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. STEMI was present in 74.8% of the cases, being the most common presentation of ACS. In addition, STEMI was present in 17.9% and unstable angina in a lower percentage (7.3%). The age range to which most patients belonged was 61 to 70 years (31.2%) and 71.6% were male. In relation to the comorbidities of the population, 61% presented arterial hypertension, 64.7% obesity and 58.3% dyslipidemia. Chest pain was the most frequent symptom, reported in 75.2% of patients, together with diaphoresis in 56.4% and fatigue in 49.5%. Conclusion: ACS in the diabetic population had an important incidence, especially in men, with STEMI being the most frequent presentation, associated with common symptoms such as chest pain.