Prevalencia de parto prematuro en gestantes consumidoras de cocaína, opioides y cannabis en el Hospital General Monte Sinaí durante el periodo 2019 – 2023.

Abstract

Introduction: Preterm birth is one of the leading causes of neonatal morbidity and mortality. Various risk factors have been identified, including the use of psychoactive substances such as cocaine, opioids, and cannabis during pregnancy, which may negatively affect gestational development. Methodology: A descriptive-analytical study was conducted among pregnant women who used cocaine, opioids, and cannabis and were treated at Monte Sinaí General Hospital between 2019 and 2023. Data were collected from clinical records and processed using Excel and SPSS software. The chi-square test of Pearson was applied, and odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Results: A total of 200 pregnant women were evaluated. Marijuana use was the most prevalent (55%), followed by cocaine (25%) and opioids (20%). Preterm births (<37 weeks) occurred in 70% of cases, with a high incidence among cocaine users (88%). Cocaine use was significantly associated with preterm birth (OR: 4.125; 95% CI: 1.651–10.308; p = 0.001). No statistically significant association was found for marijuana or opioid use. A moderate association was observed between the type of substance used and gestational age at birth (Cramér’s V = 0.295; p < 0.001). Conclusion: Cocaine use during pregnancy was significantly associated with an increased risk of preterm birth. These findings underscore the need for preventive strategies targeting pregnant women who use drugs, particularly those in socially vulnerable situations.