Prevalencia de hernias de disco y factores de riesgo en pacientes con dolor lumbar.

Abstract

Introduction: Low back pain is the most common musculoskeletal disorder associated with working conditions, and represents a persistent public health problem worldwide. It is estimated that between 60% and 80% of adults experience low back pain at some point in their lives. Objective: To determine the prevalence of herniated disc and risk factors in patients with low back pain who attended the Fisiovida Center during the period 2023-2024-2024. Methodology: The present study was developed under a quantitative, descriptive and retrospective approach based on clinical data collected during the period 2023–2024. The population universe was made up of 205 patients with low back pain treated at the "Fisiovida" Physiotherapy Center, during the aforementioned period. Results: Men predominated with 29.27% and the age range with the highest incidence was from 51 to 60 years with 51.0%. L5-S1 was the location with the highest prevalence with 52.6% in the study group.Smoking predominated as a risk factor with 55.2%. L5–S1 was the location with the highest prevalence with 52.6% in the study group. Conclusion: In this study, herniated discs were diagnosed in 39.6% of patients with lumbar pain with lumbosacral predominance (L5–S1 and L4–L5) and most extrusions. The highest proportion was in 51–60 years, and the slight sex differences replicate a pattern compatible with progressive degeneration and mechanical exposure. Among those exposed, smoking showed the highest prevalence, followed by sedentary lifestyle and overweight/obesity, which registered a high percentage of risk factors as well.