Efectividad de un programa de rehabilitación cardiovascular en pacientes con enfermedad cardiovascular moderada.

Abstract

Introduction: Cardiovascular rehabilitation is a set of measures aimed at the recovery and rehabilitation of patients suffering from heart disease. Cardiovascular diseases affect the heart and blood vessels, hindering efficient blood pumping, leading to a deterioration in quality of life and low exercise tolerance. Objective: To determine the effectiveness of a cardiovascular rehabilitation program in improving the physical and functional condition and quality of life of patients with moderate heart failure treated at the Guasmo Sur General Hospital. Methods: The design is pre-experimental, descriptive, observational and longitudinal, the population consisted of 38 patients. The instruments were: medical history, 6-minute walk test, dynamometry, Borg scale, SF-36 questionnaire Results: The mean height was 1.60 ± 0.1 cm, mean weight was 69.9 ± 12.5 kg, and BMI was 27.6 ± 4.5 kg/m². 39.5% were overweight. Heart failure, ischemic heart disease, and pacemakers were prevalent. The distance walked increased from 204.9 m to 345.7 m, with an increase in the maximum heart rate achieved (p = 0.001), and muscle strength in both upper extremities increased with a p value of 0.001. On the BORG scale, the score improved from 5.5 (fatigue and severe dyspnea) to 0.9 (dyspnea and very mild fatigue). Quality of life improved in all categories. Conclusions: The cardiovascular rehabilitation program was effective as it improved the physical and functional condition and quality of life of the patients.