Análisis de la eficacia de la ventilación mecánica invasiva en pacientes con insuficiencia respiratoria aguda por sepsis en UCI, Hospital Teodoro Maldonado Carbo, 2024.

Abstract

Introduction: Invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) is a fundamental tool to ensure adequate oxygenation and ventilation when conventional methods are insufficient. This study was conducted at Teodoro Maldonado Carbo Hospital in 2024, with the primary objective of analyzing the effectiveness of IMV in patients with acute respiratory failure due to sepsis. Methodology: An observational, descriptive, and retrospective study was carried out by reviewing the medical records of 136 patients diagnosed with acute respiratory failure (ICD-10 J96.0) and unspecified septicemia (ICD-10 A41.9). Results: A higher prevalence was observed in male patients (61.8%), with a predominant age range between 51 and 75 years. A total of 64.7% of the patients required IMV for more than one week. The mean SpO₂ was 96.49%, demonstrating adequate oxygenation in most cases, and the FiO₂ used was less than 40% in 43.4% of the patients. The main complication identified was pneumonia, present in 22.8% of the cases. Conclusion: Invasive mechanical ventilation is effective in improving oxygenation in critically ill patients with sepsis, which in most cases is associated with respiratory tract infections. However, its prolonged use can lead to infectious, metabolic, systemic, and other types of complications.