Factores predictores de sangrado digestivo severo en pacientes con enfermedad ulcerosa péptica atendidos en el Hospital IESS de Ceibos entre enero del 2023 y enero del 2025.

Abstract

Introduction: Upper gastrointestinal bleeding is a clinical complication of peptic ulcer disease, which can be classified as mild to severe according to different clinical tools. If left untreated, it can be considered a risk factor for clinical conditions such as hypovolemic shock, hyperammonemic encephalopathy, transfusion requirements, and endoscopic or surgical reinterventions. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify predictors of severe gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with peptic ulcer disease treated at the IESS Hospital in Ceibos between January 2023 and January 2025. Methodology: A retrospective, cross-sectional, observational study was conducted to analyze sociodemographic variables, associated factors, and possible risk factors predictive of severe gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with peptic ulcer disease. Results: In a sample of 200 patients with gastrointestinal bleeding secondary to peptic ulcer, males predominated (59.5%) and the mean age was 68.95 years. NSAID use and low hemoglobin levels were significantly associated with severe bleeding (Forrest Ib). Ulcers >1 cm were linked to greater endoscopic severity. Multivariate analysis confirmed that NSAIDs and low hemoglobin are independent predictors of severe bleeding.