Análisis de factores de riesgo asociados a Neumonía Adquirida en la comunidad en niños menores de 5 años de edad atendidos en el Hospital Federico Bolaños Moreira de la ciudad de Milagro durante el periodo 2024- 2025.

Abstract

Background: Community-acquired pneumonia is a prevalent childhood illness, with a high incidence in children under five years of age. It is an infection of the lung parenchyma characterized by respiratory distress, with symptoms appearing within the first 48 hours. Objective: To determine the risk factors associated with community-acquired pneumonia in pediatric patients admitted to the Federico Bolaños Moreira Hospital in the city of Milagro. Materials and Methods: A quantitative, descriptive, observational study was conducted. Results: It was determined that 53% of the children did not receive exclusive breastfeeding, which was associated with pneumonia (p=0.01). Not receiving age-appropriate vaccinations in 55% of the children (p=0.01) was also associated with pneumonia, and 85% (p=0.02) of severely malnourished children presented with this disease. Conclusion: Pneumonia is associated with childhood malnutrition, lack of vaccinations, and not receiving exclusive breastfeeding.