Incidencia de incompatibilidad ABO en pacientes atendidos en el Hospital del Niño “Dr. Francisco de Icaza Bustamante” durante el año 2025.

Abstract

Introduction: ABO incompatibility is one of the most common causes of hemolytic disease in neonates and may lead to complications if not diagnosed in a timely manner. Objective: To classify cases according to maternal and neonatal blood groups and to describe the clinical characteristics of neonates presenting with this condition at Hospital Francisco Icaza Bustamante. Methodology: A descriptive, retrospective, cross-sectional study was conducted through the review of medical records of 65 neonates diagnosed with ABO incompatibility. Variables considered included sex, age, maternal and neonatal blood group, type of incompatibility, presence of jaundice, anemia, and Coombs test results. Results: There was a predominance of male sex, and most cases were identified after the first 24 hours of life. The incidence of ABO incompatibility was 3.54%, equivalent to 35.4 cases per 1,000 neonates attended. The most frequent neonatal blood group was A, with O-A incompatibility being the most common (66.15%). Jaundice was the predominant clinical manifestation (89.23%), while the direct Coombs test was positive in a small proportion of patients (26.15%). Conclusion: The incidence of ABO incompatibility at Hospital Francisco Icaza Bustamante during 2025 was low, with predominance of the AO type over BO. Jaundice (mainly Kramer grade IV) was the most frequent manifestation, while anemia was absent in most patients.