Factores maternos asociados al óbito fetal en gestantes atendidas en el Hospital Universitario durante el periodo 2023 al 2025.

Abstract

Introduction: Intrauterine fetal death represents an adverse event of multifactorial origin with a significant impact on maternal–fetal health. Its proper characterization allows the identification of associated factors and the strengthening of preventive strategies. Objective: To evaluate maternal factors associated with fetal death in pregnant women treated at the University Hospital during the period 2023–2025. Methods: Observational, analytical, retrospective, and cross-sectional study including 104 pregnant women diagnosed with fetal death. Data were collected from medical records and analyzed using JAMOVI 2.3. Chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests were applied, considering statistical significance at p ≤ 0.05. Results: The predominant age group was 26–35 years (43.3%), with most women being married (50.0%) and having a secondary level of education (49.0%). A total of 58.7% had fewer than five prenatal visits, and 65.4% were from urban areas. Late fetal death was the most frequent (63.5%). Among maternal comorbidities, hypothyroidism (31.7%) and arterial hypertension (30.8%) were the most common. Preeclampsia was the main obstetric complication (38.5%). A significant association was found between arterial hypertension and late fetal death (68.8%; p=0.042), as well as with hypothyroidism (72.7%; p=0.022) and preeclampsia (75.0%; p=0.005). Other variables showed no statistically significant association. Conclusion: Fetal death is mainly associated with maternal comorbidities and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Insufficient prenatal care a