Factores asociados a preeclampsia y eclampsia en gestantes adolescentes atendidas en el Hospital General Dr. Liborio Panchana Sotomayor, 2022–2025.

Abstract

Introduction: Preeclampsia and eclampsia are hypertensive disorders in pregnancy, considered important causes of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. The risk increases in teenage pregnancies due to various biological, social and economic factors that affect this population. General objective: Identify the factors associated with preeclampsia and eclampsia in pregnant adolescents treated at the Dr. Liborio Panchana Sotomayor General Hospital during 2022 to 2025. Methodology: A descriptive, retrospective, cross-sectional and non-experimental study was carried out. Results: Seventy-three pregnant adolescents were studied; 83.6% presented with preeclampsia and 16.4% developed eclampsia. The mean age was 17.03 ± 1.54 years, the mean systolic blood pressure was 149.11 mmHg, the mean diastolic blood pressure was 98.15 mmHg, and the mean length of hospital stay was 3.12 ± 1.65 days. Pregnancy was most frequent during secondary (69.9%) and primary (28.8%) schooling; 87.7% were single, 58.9% resided in urban areas and 41.1% in rural areas. Regarding clinical and obstetric factors, 78.1% were primiparous, 52.1% had optimal prenatal care, and 60.3% presented with anemia. Complications were primarily maternal, with delivery often requiring a cesarean section. Conclusion: The predominant factors in pregnant women with preeclampsia and/or eclampsia were being primiparous, having insufficient prenatal care, malnutrition, anemia, and a family history of hypertension. General complications included cesarean delivery