Síndrome metabólico y su asociación con la hipertensión intracraneana idiopática en pacientes con papiledema atendidos en el Hospital de Especialidades Teodoro Maldonado Carbo durante el periodo 2018–2025.

Abstract

Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a neurological disorder characterized by increased intracranial pressure in the absence of an identifiable structural, vascular, or metabolic cause. Its most common clinical manifestation is papilledema, and it predominantly affects women, especially those who are overweight or obese. The objective of this study was to determine the association between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and IIH in patients with suspected papilledema treated at the Hospital de Especialidades Teodoro Maldonado Carbo during the period 2018–2025. An observational, retrospective, cross-sectional, and analytical study was conducted through the review of medical records coded with ICD-10 codes H47.0 and H47.1. After excluding secondary causes of intracranial hypertension, 34 patients were included. Clinical, epidemiological, and metabolic variables were analyzed, and a bivariate analysis was performed using odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals. MetS was present in 41.2% of patients, while IIH was diagnosed in 20.6%. Although patients with MetS had a higher proportion of IIH compared to those without MetS (28.6% vs. 15.0%), the association was not statistically significant (OR = 2.27; 95% CI: 0.42–12.26; p = 0.410). Papilledema was identified in 52.9% of cases and showed a higher frequency of IIH, without reaching statistical significance (p = 0.090). The most frequent metabolic abnormalities were impaired glucose levels (70.6%) and low HDL (67.6%). In conclusion, no statistically significant association was found between MetS and IIH; however, a clinical trend was observed.