Abuso de drogas como factor de riesgo para el desarrollo de preeclampsia/eclampsia en gestantes atendidas en el Hospital León Becerra de Milagro en el periodo 2023 al 2025.

Abstract

Introduction: Preeclampsia and eclampsia are severe pregnancy complications associated with high maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. In this context, the use of psychoactive substances emerges as a potential risk factor that may influence their development and progression. Objective: To evaluate the association between drug abuse and the presence of preeclampsia/eclampsia in pregnant women treated at Hospital León Becerra de Milagro during the period 2023–2025. Methods: An observational, analytical, retrospective, cross-sectional study was conducted in 273 pregnant women. Data were obtained from medical records and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, applying the chi-square test with a significance level of p < 0.05. Results: A total of 27.8% of pregnant women reported psychoactive substance use. Exposed patients showed a higher frequency of multigravidity (21.1% vs 14.7%), recurrent abortions (18.5% vs 12.7%), and inadequate prenatal care (47.4% vs 30.5%). The prevalence of preeclampsia/eclampsia was 58.6%, with predominance of preeclampsia (54.2%). A higher occurrence of preeclampsia/eclampsia was observed in the exposed group (65.8% vs 55.8%), with a statistically significant association (p = 0.035). Conclusions: Drug abuse is associated with increased maternal vulnerability and a higher frequency of hypertensive disorders during pregnancy.