Factores de riesgo asociados a infecciones oportunistas en pacientes con VIH según niveles de CD4 atendidos en el Hospital General Monte Sinaí en el periodo 2023-2025.

Abstract

Introduction: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has been a global epidemic since the end of the twentieth century. Opportunistic infections (OI) continue to be the leading cause of hospital admission with high mortality. The interaction of certain risk factors such as low or no therapeutic adherence, poor lifestyle, low socioeconomic and educational level play a fundamental role in the pathophysiological mechanism. CD4 lymphocyte levels are the immunological indicator in HIV patients. Objective: To determine the risk factors associated with opportunistic infections in patients with HIV according to CD4 levels treated at Mount Sinai General Hospital in the period 2023-2025. Methodology: This is an observational, analytical, retrospective and cross-sectional study. The sample consists of 200 patients with HIV and CD4 < 400 cells/mm3 treated in the Comprehensive Care Unit. Results: Tuberculosis is the most frequent opportunistic infection The risk factors associated with opportunistic infections are: age younger than 32 years (OR: 3.54), presence of comorbidities (OR: 5.48), alcohol (OR: 3.73) and tobacco consumption (OR: 6.10), malnutrition (OR: 18.60), no therapeutic adherence (OR: 14.38) and no use of prophylaxis (OR: 17.14). Conclusions: Opportunistic infections have a multifactorial origin. Decreased CD4 levels influence the risk and evolution of opportunistic infections in patients with HIV.