Análisis de los mecanismos de prevención y mitigación de ataques contra la autenticación y el cifrado en redes Wi-Fi 5, Wi-Fi 6 y Wi-Fi 7 para el fortalecimiento de la seguridad de acceso.

Abstract

Wi-Fi networks enable the universal connection of wireless devices in different environments, but their evolution did not eliminate authentication, encryption, and access control threats. The problem covers different aspects that affect factors such as weak credentials, legacy protocols, unprotected management frames, outdated firmware, poor segmentation, and limited access identity. The present study analyzes current strategies for the prevention and mitigation of threats in Wi-Fi networks, in order to recommend alternatives that strengthen access security. The research methodology employed a descriptive and explanatory approach, in addition to a documentary design, using the PRISMA method for the systematic review, which was complemented with documentary, technical, and comparative analysis. Fifty-three bibliographic sources were obtained that characterize both threats and vulnerabilities, in addition to the mechanisms and conditions appropriate for their implementation. Subsequently, the results suggest that WPA2, WPA3, SAE, OWE, IEEE 802.1X, EAP-TLS, and PMF perform different and but at the same time complementary functions, allowing the inference that no isolated applicable control would make it possible to cover the variety of scenarios susceptible to risks. It was understood and determined that the different generations of Wi-Fi networks are not the main cause for which they are exposed to vulnerabilities and threats, but rather that they are a set of factors such as compatibility, configuration, credential management, updating, segmentation, and sustained monitoring that make it possible to have a relatively secure scheme. The contribution of the study consists of establishing a range of strategies that confronts threats and weaknesses, leading to prevention, mitigation, and structural strengthening mechanisms.