Caracterización clínica de los recién nacidos pretérminos atendidos en el Hospital Gineco-Obstétrico Pediátrico Universitario de Guayaquil en el año 2025.

Abstract

Introduction: Prematurity is a neonatal condition that leads to the development of complications due to organ and system immaturity; therefore, it is necessary to clinically characterize these neonates, taking into account perinatal and sociodemographic aspects, birth weight, gestational age, and primary clinical outcomes. Objective: To determine the clinical characteristics of preterm newborns treated at the University Gynecological-Obstetric and Pediatric Hospital of Guayaquil in 2025. Methodology: A descriptive, quantitative, retrospective, and cross-sectional study was conducted using an observational approach and a data collection form. Results: Sociodemographic analysis showed a predominance of males (53.5%) and urban origin (69.6%), while perinatal characteristics revealed a predominance of Cesarean deliveries (67.7%) and adequate adaptation at one minute (63.9%) and five minutes (86.7%). Categorization by gestational age showed a predominance of the late preterm group (51.9%), and categorization by weight showed the highest proportion in the 1,500–2,499 gram range (81.6%). Regarding complications associated with prematurity, respiratory distress syndrome (43.7%) and neonatal jaundice (30.4%) were the most frequently reported conditions. Conclusion: Preterm newborns were predominantly male, had low birth weight, were delivered via Cesarean section, and showed favorable adaptation; respiratory distress syndrome was the primary complication, necessitating specialized care and follow-up.