Valoración de enfermería por patrones funcionales en personas con trastornos de la glándula tiroides.

Abstract

Nursing assessment using functional health patterns allows for the identification of alterations in patients with thyroid disorders and guides comprehensive care. The objective was to describe nursing assessment using functional health patterns. A quantitative, descriptive, prospective, and cross-sectional study was conducted with a population of 144 patients. Information was collected through a survey and direct observation, using a structured questionnaire and an observation guide. The results showed that, in the nutritional-metabolic pattern, 70% presented with normal appetite and 63% consumed three meals daily; however, 50% reported constipation and 20% diarrhea. In addition, 46% reported cold intolerance, 40% heat intolerance, and 60% presented alterations in sweating. In the activity-exercise pattern, 63% presented limitations in performing daily activities and 74% experienced fatigue. Likewise, 50% did not engage in physical activity, 39% reported decreased energy, and 37% did not exercise regularly. Regarding sleep, 56% slept between seven and eight hours, although other participants reported less rest. These results demonstrate the need for continuous monitoring based on the identified needs. It is concluded that the main alterations were related to bowel elimination, functional capacity, fatigue, and low physical activity; therefore, assessment by functional patterns is necessary to plan nursing interventions that contribute to improving the health and quality of life of patients with thyroid disorders.