Biotipo facial y disfunción lingual en dentición mixta, Clínica Odontológica UCSG.

Abstract

Introduction: Lingual dysfunction manifests as an alteration in tongue movement that interferes with basic functions such as speaking, swallowing, and maintaining a resting posture; it can arise from various habits acquired—repetitively and either consciously or unconsciously. Furthermore, changes occurring during maxillary growth induce alterations in the mandible and lead to retruded sagittal development; this disrupts growth patterns, influences craniofacial development, and causes abnormalities in the intermaxillary skeletal relationship. Objective: To analyze the association between facial biotype and dentomaxillary disorders linked to lingual dysfunction—stemming from habits acquired consciously or unconsciously—which cause alterations in dental structure and facial development in children with mixed dentition. Method: This study employs a quantitative, retrospective, cross-sectional, and radiographic approach, utilizing a descriptive and analytical epidemiological design. Results: No significant relationship was found between facial biotype and lingual dysfunctions or dentomaxillary disorders. Regarding the intermaxillary relationship, the majority of patients presented with Class II malocclusion (84.0%), followed by Class III (10.1%) and, to a lesser extent, Class I (5.9%). A higher prevalence was observed among patients with a dolichofacial biotype. Conclusions: An association was found between facial biotype and intermaxillary relationship, whereby Class II malocclusion was more prevalent in children with a dolichofacial biotype.