Suspensión de organizaciones políticas en Ecuador: análisis de su impacto en derechos constitucionales y democracia.

Abstract

This academic article analyzes the suspension of political organizations as provided for in Article 374, numeral 3, of the Ecuadorian Democracy Code—a legal mechanism situated within the State's electoral oversight system. It proceeds from the premise that political organizations constitute a cornerstone of representative democracy by guaranteeing political pluralism, citizen participation, and the exercise of fundamental rights. The objective of this article is to determine the extent to which constitutional guarantees and regulations in force in Ecuador are respected when imposing a reasoned sanction on a political organization. This research adopts a constitutional-legal approach and a qualitative, descriptive-analytical methodology, grounded in an analysis of the Democracy Code, the Constitution, and specialized legal doctrine. Exegetical and interpretive methods are employed to assess the scope and limitations of the legal provision. The electoral authority is the body constitutionally empowered to sanction political organizations; consequently, it must possess the capacity to issue sanctions without violating the constitutional principles of proportionality, reasonableness, and due process.