Prevalencia de complicaciones maternas y neonatales en embarazadas con diabetes gestacional y diabetes pregestacional atendidas en el Hospital de Especialidades Teodoro Maldonado Carbo en el período de septiembre 2016 a mayo 2017.

Abstract

Introduction: There are currently around 60 million women of reproductive age who have diabetes mellitus type 2 (PGD), and gestational diabetes (GD). Objective: To establish the prevalence of maternal and neonatal complications in pregnant women with Gestational Diabetes and Pre-natal Diabetes treated at Teodoro Maldonado Carbo Specialties Hospital from September 2016 to May 2017. Methods and Materials: A descriptive cross-sectional, observational and retrospective study. All pregnant women attended at "Teodoro Maldonado Carbo" Hospital during the period from September 1, 2016 to May 31, 2017 were considered. Results: 712 pregnant women were included, of which 540 (76%) were pregnant non-diabetic, 134 (19%) GD and 38 (5%) with PGD. The mean age was 32.4 years in pregnant women with GD and 34.9 years in PGD. When we compare nutritional status, it was shown that obesity and overweight have a high influence as risk factors. The analysis of neonatal complications revealed that of the 38 pregnant women with PGD, 10 (26.32%) presented immaturity in the newborn compared to 13 (9.70%) pregnant women with GD. Based on maternal complications, it was evidenced that Preeclampsia develops more in women with PGD (50%) than in women with GD (28.36%). Finally, it was demonstrated that of 134 pregnancies with GD, 34 (25.37%) persisted with it after the completion of pregnancy. Conclusions: It is shown that pregestational diabetes brings with it more maternal and neonatal complications than gestational diabetes, so it is important to encourage prevention and also to detect early this disease.