Determinar la prevalencia de rinitis alérgica que afecta a escolares entre 5 y 12 años atendidos en el hospital Teodoro Maldonado Carbo en el periodo de enero del 2016 a abril del 2017.

Abstract

Allergic rhinitis is the most common pediatric disease, affecting 40% of the world's population. In Ecuador, there are no published prevalence studies. Objective: To determine the prevalence of allergic rhinitis that affects schoolchildren between 5 and 12 years of age at the Teodoro Maldonado Carbo Hospital from January 2016 to April 2017. Method: Cross-sectional study. A total of 350 clinical records of patients of both sexes and aged between 5 and 12 years were studied, who went to the outpatient clinic of both the pediatric and otorhinolaryngology department of the HTMC in the period from January 2016 to April 2017. Results: It was determined a prevalence of allergic rhinitis of 12.54%. After reviewing our clinical records we could observe that the main allergen is dust and animals. Male was affected with 55% in relation to female 45%, which does not make it determinant to have the disease. The most affected age group was 5 to 6 years with 31%. The main symptom of the disease is rhinorrhea with 28% followed by nasal congestion with 27%. Regarding the treatment we have that loratadine was the most used within the antihistaminic therapy. We show a tertiary prevention of the disease. Conclusions: A prevalence of AR 12.54% was determined. Sex is not decisive when having the disease. Main allergen is dust. Treatment of choice is Antihistamines. Tertiary prevention was evidenced