Valoración de las características maternas : estado nutricional periconcepcional y ganancia de peso en el embarazo y su relación con los resultados neonatales en el Hospital de la Mujer “Alfredo G. Paulson”. Guayaquil, Ecuador.

Abstract

Background: Malnutrition among Ecuadorian women of childbearing age represent a serious public-health problem. It increases the risk of presenting adverse pregnancy outcomes and can cause chronic disease in adult life. Objective: To determine the relation between periconceptional BMI and gestational weight gain with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Methods: A nonexperimental correlational cross-sectional retrospective study was conducted. The study included 35 women in post-partum recovery stage and their neonates in the "Alfredo G. Paulson" Women's Hospital. The maternal and neonatal anthropometric data was obtained from the clinical records of the patients.The periconceptional BMI was categorized into 4 groups according to the Institute of Medicine of the United States standards, as well as the recommended gestational weight gain according to maternal nutritional status. Results: According to the BMI, most of the women presented normal weight (n = 37.1%), followed by 31.4% overweight women. Adequate and excessive weight gain resulted in n = 37.14% for both classifications. Neonates presented normal weight at n = 68.6%, followed by low birth weight n = 17.1%, macrosomic = 8.6% and n = 5.7% very low birth weight. According to size at birth, most of them were born “AEG” n = 57.1% , n = 60% normocephalic according to head circumference and more than 90% of newborns were classified in good conditions according to the APGAR score. Conclusion: Maternal nutritional status and gestational weight gain affect directly the newborn´s nutritional status.