Factores maternos que predisponen al retardo de crecimiento intrauterino en recién nacidos vivos en el Hospital de la Mujer Alfredo G. Paulson durante septiembre del 2016 a diciembre del 2017.

Abstract

Introduction: intrauterine growth restriction is a frequent pathology in pregnant women, it is associated with ultrasound and vascular parameters to be able to identify it opportunely because it is one of the most important causes of neonatal morbidity and mortality due to its short and long term effects. Of multifactorial etiology, it is one of the most developed subjects in the current world of neonatology / obstetrics because it is underdiagnosed with a high false negative rate. Their detection is suspected when they have low birth weight (estimated fetal weight lower than the 10th percentile) added to various risk factors. It is important because it determines the prenatal and postnatal development of the newborn and the estimation of its prevalence in our environment is a tool to determine the rate of development problems that currently exist. Objective: Identify the maternal risk factors that predispose to IUGR in the study sample. Materials and methods: a retrospective, observational, descriptive and analytical study was made from a sample constituted by the live RN with IUGR in the Alfredo G. Paulson hospital in the indicated period and that meet the inclusion criteria. Results: the maternal risk factors that were most associated with the development of IUGR in newborns with this condition were modifiable as low schooling (77.53%), the presence of leucorrhoea (71.91%) during pregnancy and an insufficient number of prenatal controls (69.66). %). In addition, these factors are also associated with low birth weight, in the case of leucorrhoea (13,562) and low level of schooling (37,364). Conclusions: the main maternal risk factors associated with IUGR were modifiable (prenatal controls and low schooling) or controllable (vaginal infection), and many of these are associated with low birth weight and preterm births. More studies are needed to know the effect of these variables on fetal intrauterine growth.