Prevalencia de maloclusiones relacionada con hábitos orales no fisiológicos en niños de 5 a 10 años. UCSG 2018.

Abstract

Introduction: Dentomaxillary anomalies belong to the dental pathologies with the highest prevalence in the population. The term dental malocclusion is related to hereditary factors, malnutrition, general diseases and non-physiological habits that manifest from an early age and have their progression over time. Objective: To determine the prevalence of dental malocclusions related to non-physiological oral habits in children aged 5 to 10 years attended in the Orthodontics III clinic of the Catholic University of Santiago de Guayaquil in Semester A-2018. Materials and Methods: A descriptive, observational, cross-sectional clinical study in 69 patients from 5 to 10 years old, the average was 7,7 years, who attended the clinic of the UCSG area of Orthodontics III, considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria were evaluated the type of dental malocclusion, the presence and type of non-physiological habit, type of terminal plane, facial biotype and the shape of the dental arch. Results: Class I was the malocclusion with the highest prevalence (71%), the nonphysiological oral habit of atypical swallowing (75.4%), the mesial terminal plane (39.1%), the Braquifacial biotype (43.5%) and the shape of the oval dental arch (58%) (53.6%) in the upper and lower jaw respectively. Conclusion: The majority of the population of this study presented the habit of atypical swallowing with a predominance of class I malocclusion, the habit of bruxism and class III malocclusion in a lower proportion.