Prevalencia de manifestaciones orales en pacientes con VIH, Departamento Odontológico del Hospital de Infectología. 2018.

Abstract

Introduction: HIV infection leads to a continuous deterioration of the immune system and is associated with a wide range of oral manifestations, such as oral candidiasis, aphthae, angular cheilitis, Kaposi's sarcoma, gingivitis and periodontitis, produced by opportunistic microorganisms. Its prevalence varies widely among the countries of Latin America. There is limited information known about its impact on the Ecuadorian population. Objective: To determine the prevalence of oral manifestations in patients with HIV, treated at the Infectology Hospital, during the first trimester of 2018. Materials and methods: The present study is cross-sectional, descriptive and observational, included 100 patients diagnosed with HIV infection, from 20 to 60 years old, who attended the Department of Dentistry of the Hospital de Infectología de Guayaquil during the first trimester of 2018. It was performed a clinical inspection of mucosa, tongue, cheeks, palate and lips to identify if they presented any pathology such as aphthae, candida and necrotizing periodontal diseases. In addition, data from the clinical histories of the dental department of the Infectology Hospital were taken for the type of periodontal disease they presented (gingivitis or periodontitis). The CPO index (lost and filled carious pieces) was established based on the odontogram. Results: From the 100 patients in the present study, which 48 (48%) were women and 52 (52%) men; with respect to the periodontal state, there were obtained the following percentages: healthy patients (33%), gingivitis (58%) periodontitis (9%) oral candidiasis (26%), angular cheilitis (5%) and thrush (4%). Conclusions: The most frequent oral manifestations were: gingivitis, oral candidiasis, angular cheilitis, aphthae and periodontitis.