Análisis de vibraciones y alineación en motores eléctricos asíncronos trifásicos.

Abstract

The present project is based on the analysis of the vibrations that occur in the threephase asynchronous motors, the same one that is used as a method for the identification and diagnosis of the failures in the components of the equipment. This method involves a fundamental part of predictive maintenance. Due to the rotational movement of the shaft that characterizes the rotating machines, vibrations are produced in its components. These vibrations must have a permissible and continuous magnitude, but due to the deterioration of the components, the force of the vibration increases withtime, which will cause the wear on many occasions this may be premature so the components of the machine should be replaced in order to advance and avoid serious damage to the equipment or total destruction generating the total or partial stoppage of a production line. Because each of the elements of the motor produces vibrations with a certain frequency, it allows an evaluation of the vibrations in the machinery to establish the deficient element, analyzing the strength of the vibration and predicting if a component is close to undergoing a critical damage. This work of certification discloses the characteristics of the elements that comprise of the asynchronous motors, reasons for which the vibrations originate, instruments that allow to realize the measurements of the vibrations and finally, how to implement the analysis of vibrations in the Predictive Maintenance.