Factores que influyen en el crecimiento de la cartera vencida de consumo del sistema financiero ecuatoriano en los últimos 10 años para la elaboración de un plan de acción.

Abstract

Over-indebtedness is a negative economic situation that can influence the future stability of a person and their family. One of the ways to prevent and avoid the existence of over-indebtedness is through the development of economic-financial knowledge in the population. That is why financial education is important to limit, eliminate and prevent the overdue portfolio from growing within the national financial system. The general objective of this research was to analyze the factors that influence the increase of the past due portfolio of consumption in the Ecuadorian financial system for the elaboration of an action plan. The methodology of the research had a quantitative approach, since the survey tools and the documentary review were used, the type of research was transversal, developed under a deductive method. The sample that was carried out was randomized to 377 people who were in past due loans within the consumer credit segment of Banco Pichincha in the city of Guayaquil. Within the results it was possible to verify that the greater percentage of the people surveyed use credit when they lack money. Also, this financial product is the one that most people use to perform various types of activities. 33% of respondents said that the reason why they fell into default was because of overindebtedness, the hypothesis was verified by means of the chi-square method, establishing that there is a relationship between the factors that cause the default in a debt and the increase in the past due portfolio of the Ecuadorian financial system. The analysis of the historical data of past due loans showed a growth from 2007 to 2017 of 188.6%, while the linear regression method showed a greater growth in the next five years. To eradicate any problem of future economic stability, it was proposed to conduct a training course on financial education, an advertisement about over-indebtedness and greater rigor controls to grant a loan.