Caracterización de los factores psicosociales en los adolescentes con malnutrición por exceso de seis consultorios del Centro de Salud 25 de Enero. Año 2018.

Abstract

Background: Malnutrition due to excess is an endocrine-metabolic disorder that affects two out of ten adolescents in Ecuador. Materials and Methods: A descriptive study was carried out in 91 adolescents with malnutrition due to excess, observational, prospective and transversal, updating their nutritional status through the calculation of the body mass index and the percentile table. Results: Of 347 adolescents studied, 91 suffered from excess malnutrition (26.2%), with late adolescence 31 (65.9%), overweight 60 (65.9%), and male sex 28 (66.6%). , mestizos 59 (64.8%), single marital status 76 (83.5%) and student occupation 74 (81.3%), predominated as sociodemographic variables. Of the factors predominated, secondary educational level 43 (47.3%), in parents the primary 39 (42.9%), with risk of addiction to computer technologies 53 (58.2%), practiced physical exercise 67 ( 73.6%), moderate risk in relation to hours of sleep 59 (64.8%), self-perceived healthy 81 (89.0%), low nutritional knowledge 42 (46.2%), frequency of food consumption with high sugar and fat content 87 (95.6%), inadequate frequency of eating 79 (86.8%) and maternal history of malnutrition due to excess 45 (49.5%). Conclusions: Adolescents with excess malnutrition represent a quarter of the total, with overweight prevailing. Malnutrition due to excess predominates in the male sex, late adolescence, mestizo ethnicity, single marital status and student occupation. The predominant educational level is secondary and in parents the primary and in terms of psychosocial factors, the use of computer technologies, not physical activity, not sleep necessary sleep hours, inadequate self-perception of their health status, frequency and inadequate type of feeding and maternal antecedent of excess malnutrition.