Factores de riesgo asociados a la anemia gestacional en cuatro consultorios del Centro de Salud Pascuales julio 2017 - junio 2018.

Abstract

Background: The multifactorial origin of anemia is widely recognized, in addition to the nutritional factors, sociodemographic causes, pregestational elements and gestational factors are identified. This health problem is more frequent in developing countries. Around 41.8% of pregnant women worldwide suffer from anemia. Methodology: An observational, retrospective, cross-sectional study was carried out. Data from 147 patients who were in the third trimester and who completed their pregnancy at the time of the study were included. Variables such as hemoglobin, age, mass index, educational level, marital status, pregnancy number, intergenesic period, prenatal controls, preconceptional controls, family per capita, iron supplementation intake were analyzed. Results: The prevalence of anemia found in the study period was 63.5%. Among the sociodemographic risk factors considered, the age of the pregnant women shows that at younger age they have a higher risk of suffering from anemia in the study, predominantly the age groups from 20 to 24 years, the marital status is related to the presence of anemia. Single pregnancy increases the risk of anemia in relation to the pregnant pregnant woman, the level of schooling is not related as a risk factor for anemia. The intergenesic periods were a gynecological-obstetric risk factor with greater strength of association with anemia. The index of poverty and extreme poverty increases the risk of anemia, Conclusions: In this study anemia is reported as a public health problem. Risk factors are very important in increasing the risk of anemia during pregnancy; These results suggest the need to implement actions to reduce this pathology and its complications.