Manifestaciones orales en pacientes pediátricos con leucemia en tratamiento de quimioterapia. Hospital SOLCA, Guayaquil. 2018.

Abstract

Introduction: The lesions in the oral cavity in patients with leukemia depends on the conditions of the oral mucosa, age and the time chemotherapeutic agents administration. In addition, due to immunosuppression and neutropenia, the oral cavity becomes an environment conducive to promoting infections by bacteria, fungi and viruses. Objective: Determine the oral manifestations of pediatric patients with leukemia in chemotherapy treatment, Hospital SOLCA, Guayaquil. Materials and Methods: A transversal - descriptive - observational study was carried out in the Pediatrics Department of the SOLCA Hospital. This study included 56 patients diagnosed with leukemia between 5 and 15 years old. An intraoral clinical inspection was performed to determine the presence of oral manifestations (candidiasis, recurrent herpes, cheilitis, gingivitis, mucositis, caries, xerostomia, dry lips, pale tissue, petechiae in the mucosa, ecchymosis) oral mucosity grade, Oral hygiene grade, gingivitis, CPO and ceo index. Results: The sample was composed largely of men (71%) between 5 and 9 years old. In the intraoral examination, 53 patients (95%) presented at least one oral manifestation, the most frequent manifestation was gingivitis with 91%, caries 64%, cheilitis 46%, mucositis 32% and the rest of the manifestations were less frequent; Meanwhile, the most frequent oral findings were pale tissue 70% and dry lips 52%. Regarding the degree of oral hygiene, it was "Regular" in its majority with 57% of patients, "Good" 23% and "Bad" 20%. Conclusion: The most frequent oral manifestations were gingivitis, caries, cheilitis, mucositis and the oral findings that predominated were pale tissue and dry lips.