Incidencia de hipoglicemia neonatal, en madres con problemas de lactancia de 16 a 40 años en el Hospital General Guasmo Sur en el periodo agosto 2018 – enero 2019.

Abstract

Introduction: Hypoglycemia, one of the most frequent alterations in the first hours of birth, consists in a decrease of serum glucose below 45 mg /dl; it has a considerable morbidity rate around the world (1, 2). In most cases it corresponds to a process of physiological adaptation, but if it persists, it could cause severe acute systemic changes and neurological sequelaes, therefore, the management of glycemia is fundamental for the newborn in the first postnatal days (3). Early and exclusive breastfeeding is an ideal way to fulfill the nutritional needs of the newborn, because it contains bioactive properties that facilitate the transition from the intrauterine to extrauterine life of the child, thus avoiding hypoglycemia (4). Objectives: Determine the probable association between neonatal hypoglycemia and mothers with breastfeeding problems attended in the joint accommodation area of the Guasmo Sur General Hospital. Methods: This is a longitudinal descriptive prospective observational study. Neonates whose mothers have breastfeeding problems, from august 2018 and january 2019, were chosen. Results: The population of newborns who presented hypoglycemia associated with breastfeeding problems related to their mothers had an incidence of 10.3% (n = 166). Among the maternal aspects, in the case of age, 57% of the cases were neonates of mothers under 18 years, 71% of the mothers were first-time mothers. The most frequent problems that they referred were: 40% insufficient milk, 28% pain during breastfeeding, 12% flat and inverted nipples. The neonatal results showed that hypoglycemia was more prevalent in females with 57% of cases, full term neonates in 86% of cases, and 72% with normal weight at birth. Among the neonatal factors to develop hypoglycemia, this study concluded that those problems are: 25% drowsiness, 5% difficulty sucking, 3% rejection of nursing, 1% anatomical problem in the mouth, and 66% had no associated factor.