Factores de riesgo relacionados con abuso de sustancias en pacientes de 10 a 21 años con trastornos psiquiátricos del Centro de Rehabilitación Virgen de Fátima y Hospital de Especialidades Teodoro Maldonado Carbo durante período octubre de 2015 hasta diciembre 2018.

Abstract

Drug addiction is a disorder characterized by the desire to consume substances, which has become accustomed after prolonged use, causing alterations in mental activity, attitudes or the degree of perception and mental imbalance. The aim of the study was to establish the factors associated with substance abuse in patients aged 10 to 21 years with psychiatric disorders. The method of data collection was carried out through the clinical history of the Hospital de Especialidades Teodoro Maldonado Carbo and the Centro de Rehabilitación Virgen de Fátima. We included 389 patients, separated into a group that consumed at least one substance (68.64%), and a group that did not consume substances (31.36%). The risk factors were being a male (OR: 5.626, 3.390 - 9.336, p <0.001), pathological history of psychiatric disorders (OR: 6.357, 4.816 - 8.391, p <0.001), major depressive disorder (OR: 2.736, 1,811 - 4,133, p <0.001), schizophrenia (OR: 3.939, 1874 - 8.27, p <0.001), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (OR: 4.255, 2.513 - 7.205, p <0.001), history of family abuse (OR: 4.298, 2.535 - 7.282, p <0.001), history of family consumption (OR: 5.260, 2.040 - 13.562, p <0.001). We concluded that the risk factors that most influence the consumption of substances in patients aged 10 to 21 years with psychiatric disorders are the male gender, history of psychiatric disorders, suffering from depression, schizophrenia or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, presence of family abuse and consumption within the educational unit.