Fractura de cadera por caídas en pacientes hospitalizados en el Hospital de la Policía Nacional Guayaquil en el período de mayo del 2016 hasta mayo del 2018.

Abstract

Objective: Despite advances in orthopedic technology and treatments for hip fractures, epidemiological information in Latin America remains scarce. This study focuses on identifying patients with hip fractures, emphasizing that this condition not only causes problems in the functionality of the body and locomotion, but also in the psychic and social health. Methodology: This is a non-experimental research of a descriptive type and with a retrospective approach, for which a database of patients was used as a source of information, performed under the ICD-10 T19 diagnostic code, provided by the Department of Statistics of the Police Hospital. National of Guayaquil, and later the data were processed in IBM SPSS Statistics version 25 where frequency measurements, central tendency, reasons, Odds Ratio were analyzed. In addition, the Chi2 interdependence test was applied considering a significant association with a value of p <0.05, to define the relevance of the data obtained and establish the respective associations between patient age, sex, fracture types and risk factors. Results: Based on the demographic characteristics, it is observed that the male sex was the most prevalent, with 71% of the cases with a direct association between the male sex and the risk of developing cases of hip fracture. (p <0.001), it was also observed that the femoral neck fracture was the most frequent, being found in 81% of the sample studied, with a direct relationship between this type of fracture as the most frequent in relation to the demographic characteristics from the patients. (p <0.005) and finally a direct association between the patient's age above 74 years and the risk of developing hip fracture due to fall. (p <0.005) Conclusions: It is concluded that the history of previous falls, cardiological and neurological comorbidities, and the consumption of drugs predisposing to falls are the main risk factors to be considered in cases of hip fracture. It is also important to mention that the sample of our study was limited by a small universe of patients and that is why we should also encourage a greater number of researches in these patients since with a growing geriatric population it is necessary to carry out a prompt and timely management.