Prevalencia de las infecciones por gérmenes multiresistentes, y su asociación con comorbilidades y la mortalidad en pacientes con neumonía asociada a respiración mecánica en UCI, en el HTMC, con la finalidad de mejorar y/o elaborar nuevas técnicas para la prevención de dichas infecciones desde mayo 2017 a mayo del 2018.

Abstract

Introduction.- Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is the most common infectious in patients who are intubated and mechanically ventilated in the intensive care unit (ICU). This entity increases the length of stay and mortality in intensive care. Pneumonia acquired in intensive therapy and associated with mechanical ventilation (VAP) is a subclass of nosocomial pneumonia associated with high morbidity and mortality. Its incidence varies from 10% to 70% with reported mortality up to 50%. The risk of developing an infectious pulmonary process in the intensive care unit is 6 to 20 times higher than in the rest of the hospital. (1). Objective.- To demonstrate the prevalence of multi-resistant germ infections, and their association with comorbidities and mortality in patients with pneumonia associated with mechanical ventilation in the ICU, in the HTMC in the period between 2017 and 2018. Methodology.- This is a retrospective, observational, descriptive study. In which we analyzed a database of 88 patients who acquired pneumonia associated with mechanical ventilation (VAP). The following variables were evaluated: age, sex, comorbidities, pathogens, type of VAP, etc. The data from this study will be stored in Microsoft Excel spreadsheets. Results.- The sex most affected by pneumonia associated with mechanical ventilation in this study was female. The age group most vulnerable was that of 50-59 years. The most frequent pathogens were: sensitive methicillin-staphylococcus aureus (15%) together with acinetobacter sp (15%). Conclusions.- Initially in this study, there were 171 patients out of that total, 88 who had the inclusion criteria. The most important comorbidity was diabetes mellitus. Methicillin-sensitive staphylococcus aureus, together with acinetobacter sp., Predominated among the causative agents. Of the 88 patients diagnosed with VAP, 56 died. Recommendations.- It is recommended that future research carried out at the Teodoro Maldonado Carbo Hospital on this same field, increase the size of the sample and extend the study time and compare similar works with other health institutions in order to obtain statistical data. help to improve the treatment, prevention, diagnosis of this pathology.