Factores de riesgo asociados al desarrollo de otitis media aguda en pacientes de 6 meses a 5 años de edad atendidos en el área de emergencia pediátrica del Hospital del IEES de Milagro durante el periodo del 1 de mayo del 2018 al 30 de abril del 2019.

Abstract

Background: Acute otitis media is considered a frequent pathology within pediatric care, which is caused by infection of the middle ear by pathogens of the upper airways. Through clinical and otoscopy, we can reach your diagnosis with certainty. Its first-line treatment is still amoxicillin. Objectives: To determine which risk factors are most commonly found in patients from 6 months to 5 years of age, treated at the IEES Milagro Hospital during the period between May 2018 and April 2019. Materials and methods: By means of surveys given to parents of children attended in the pediatric emergency, once the diagnosis of AOM was established by means of the clinic and the visualization of the MT through otoscopy, a sample of 125 patients was obtained. Subsequently, by means of statistical analysis and chi-squared tests, it was obtained that risk factors are more frequently associated with this pathology. Results: The ages of children with AOM were mostly one year with 34.4% of cases, while the age of two years was present in 19.2%, and in children under 1 year 18.4% and the rest percentages distributed over 2 years. In addition, 7.2% have not given their child maternal milk, while 92.8% have received breastfeeding. According to sex, it was found that 52.0% were male, while 48.0% were female. Also, 52.8% of patients have a brother with a history of AOM. Conclusions: This study concludes that age, recurrences and family history of siblings are the risk factors mainly associated with the development of AOM in pediatric patients in this group of patients treated at the IEES Hospital in Milagro.