Agente etIológico más frecuentemente asociado a encefalitis en pacientes con VIH/SIDA del Hospital Teodoro Maldonado Carbo en el período enero 2013 - diciembre 2016.

Abstract

Background: Despite the great progress made by antiretroviral treatment for the prognosis of HIV / AIDS, opportunistic infections continue to be a global public health problem. The infections of the central nervous system produced by these pathogens in patients immunosuppressed by HIV represent a true medical emergency, because the delay in diagnosis and treatment entails a high rate of neurological complications, disability and mortality. Objective: To determine the infectious agent that most frequently affects the central nervous system in patients in the last stage of HIV infection, or AIDS, in the Social Security Hospital: "Teodoro Maldonado Carbo" of the city of GuayaquilEcuador. Methods: A sample of 100 patients was collected with the final diagnosis of infectious encephalitis associated with HIV, in the period between January 2013 and December 2016, which were classified according to their pathogen. Results: Toxoplasma gondii was found to affect 68% of cases, followed by Herpes Virus with 20% of cases, ending with 6% of cases corresponding to Cytomegalovirus, 4% to Mycoplasma pneumonia and 2% to Cryptococcus neoformans. . (p <0.005) Most were in the range between 31 to 65 years, with 63 cases (63.00%), followed by over 65 with 21 cases (21.00%) and the remaining 16 cases, ages under 30 years (p <0.005). It is observed that the male sex corresponded to 71% of the cases, while the female sex to 29% of the sample. (p <0.001). 46.00% of patients died due to this disease, while the remaining 54.00% of cases died in stable conditions (p <0.05). Conclusions: It is concluded that, among the cases of Encephalitis associated with HIV, Toxoplasma gondii corresponds to the etiological agent most frequently related to its development.