Características clínicas en recién nacidos con incompatibilidad ABO atendidos en el Departamento Materno - Infantil, Hospital “Dr. Teodoro Maldonado Carbo” de junio del 2012 a junio del 2017.

Abstract

Introduction: The ABO incompatibility is an inmunological response that occurs when the antigens of blood groups A and B react with the intervention of type G. inmunoglobulins. This paper's objective is to analyze the clinical characteristics in newborns with ABO incompatibility diagnosed in the Teodoro Maldonado Carbo Hospital (HTMC) from June 2012 to June 2017. Methodology: We obtained a sample of 358 patients from a universe of 1227 corresponding to newborns diagnosed with ABO incompatibility from June 2012 to June 2017 and we investigated a group of clinical and laboratory variables relevant in the AS400 system. The database was analyzed in STATA using statistical tools as frequencies, chi squared and confidence intervals. Results: Out of 358 ABO Incompatible neonates 161 (45%) were male and 197 (55%) were female. The percentage of O–A and O–B incompatible neonates were 66.5% (238) and 33.2% (119), respectively. Kramer II was detected in 33% and 19.83% neonates had anemia. In the minimum and maximum values of total bilirubin according to the neonatal blood group, the lower limit of the group A + is 0.36 mg/dL and 21.9 mg/dL as the upper limit. The lower limit of the B + group is 1.30 mg/dL and its upper limit is 33.9 mg/dL. Conclusion: The ABO incompatibility is more frequent in group A Rh+. Grade II of the Kramer scale is the most common in neonates with jaundice. Most newborns have physiological hyperbilirubinemia. Anemia does not appear to be a complication in newborns.