Prevalencia de cetoacidosis diabética como Debut de Diabetes Mellitus tipo 1 en pacientes pediátricos que asisten a emergencias del Hospital del Niño Roberto Gilbert Elizalde en el año 2015-2017.

Abstract

Introduction: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a complication of diabetes mellitus manifested by the overproduction of ketone bodies producing metabolic acidosis and decompensating the diabetic child, so it is considered a leading cause of morbidity in children. Many times when DKA is manifested the diagnosis of diabetes in the pediatric population is reached. Objective: Determine the prevalence of diabetic ketoacidosis as an initial manifestation of type 1 diabetes mellitus in patients attending the emergency of Roberto Gilbert Elizalde Children's Hospital from January 2015 to December 2017. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in patients corresponding to the database of the period of time selected in our study from January 2015 to December 2017, the ones admitted to the emergency, and those diagnosed with DM1. With these data, a retrospective review of the clinical records registered in the Servinte operating system was made. Then we proceeded to the statistical analysis with the program IBM SPSS version 24 (2016) and from the main results tables and graphs were generated. Results: A total of 172,861 patients were treated in the emergency room of the Children's Hospital "Dr. Roberto Gilbert "from January 2015 to December 2017 of which 102 had a diagnosis of type diabetes mellitus, of which 72.5% (n = 74) had DKA and of those 67.6% (n = 50) the episode of DKA marked the debut of the DBT1, and 32% (n = 24) had DKA, but they already had the antecedent of DMT1. Conclusions: Diabetic ketoacidosis as a diagnostic debut is an entity with high prevalence in our environment, although there is little information on the subject, it was possible to demonstrate that the age group with the highest percentage of frequency are adolescents (11-18 years) and with no presentation in neonates, and that the prevalence has been increasing in our country. We conclude us to improve the screening in health subcenters by general practitioners.