Evaluación y predicción de la impactación del tercer molar mandibular mediante radiografía panorámica.

Abstract

Introduction: The etiology of impaction of the third molar mandibular is considered multifactorial, since neither the mechanism of eruption nor the factors associated with it are completely understood. Objective: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the factors that affect the impaction of the third molar mandibular and find a simple, reproducible and reliable method to predict its eruption, through measurements in digital panoramic radiographs of patients between 13 and 24 years of age. Materials and methods: Transverse and correlational type study. The sample consisted of 482 panoramic radiographs of subjects of both sexes, who came to the radiological center "Dentaimagen 3D". The IBM SPSS statistical software was used with a 95% confidence interval. Results: Of the dental organs analyzed, 41.87% were impacted and "mesioangular" angulation was the most frequent with 42.8%. Stage G obtained the highest percentage of 54% impact and a high positive correlation was found between the degree of development of the third mandibular molar and the available space. Discussion: The methods used are only adapted to the racial characteristics of each population. Since habits, environment and genetics change between generations, influencing the skeletal development of the jaw and dental organs. Conclusion: This article encourages professionals to re-evaluate their opinion on third molar jaw extractions based on the suggested radiographic guidelines.