Relación entre el IMC preconcepcional y la ganancia de peso gestacional materno con el desarrollo o ausencia de riesgos durante el embarazo.

Abstract

Introduction: An ideal nutritional condition affects maternal-fetal health, thus, gestational malnutrition increases the risk of maternal and child adverse outcomes. Objective: The aim of this study was to associate preconception BMI and maternal gestational weight gain with the development or absence of risks during pregnancy. Methods: Retrospective, longitudinal, non-experimental, correlational study based on clinical records of pregnant women registered in the “’Hospital Universitario” database whose prenatal care was performed from the first trimester of pregnancy until birth.160 pregnant women from 20 to 35 years of age were included, which were divided into groups according to the preconception BMI and their gestational weight gain (GWG) was classified as stated by the Institute of Medicine (IOM) 2009 guidelines in consonance with the supervision they had during this period. Results: The average preconception BMI was 26.78 ± 5.80 Kg / m2. GWG in pregnant women with underweight and normal weight was insufficient, in contrast to those who were overweight (20.0%) and obese (16.3%) who had an adequate GWG. 26.9% of pregnant women had obstetric complications with insufficient GWG while pregnant women with adequate GWG (28.1%) did not present any. 67.4% of the pregnant women developed complications for the first time, predominantly hypertensive disorders without proteinuria and gestational diabetes mellitus with a 20.0% respectively. Conclusions: Preconception BMI and inadequate gestational weight gain are potential factors in the development of risks that directly influence maternal and child outcomes.