Factores de riesgo y microorganismos relacionados a infección del sitio quirúrgico en pacientes mayores de 30 años con prótesis articulares en el Hospital Teodoro Maldonado Carbo durante el periodo 2017 - 2019.

Abstract

Introduction: Among the most serious postoperative complications of orthopedic surgeries, infection of the surgical wound is one of the most serious. Methodology: We did a transversal, observational and analytical cohort study. The data was extracted from the clinical records in the Teodoro Maldonado Carbo Hospital during the period from January 2017 to December 2019. A total of 200 patients undergoing orthopedic surgery with prostheses who presented infection of the surgical wound were included. The most common microorganism cultured was found to be S. aureus (33.50%) S. epidermidis (23.5%), E. coli, A. baumannii and P. aureginosa with 7% each one. An association was found between obesity and the development of early prosthetic infection (p = 1.08-4) or reinfection of the wound (p = 9.32-4) in patients with surgical wound infection. Also, diabetic patients are at higher risk of late prosthetic infection (p = 1.56-4). Similarly, obesity is associated with S. aereus infection (p = 1.09-4) or Gram negative bacilli (p = 4.83-4), while diabetes is associated with Streptococcus sp infection (p = 5.12-5). Conclusion: The present study found that being diabetic or obese, in patients with surgical wound infection, increases the risk of complications of the prosthesis and infection by both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria.