Ductus arterioso persistente en neonatos pretérminos. Análisis del tratamiento en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatales en el hospital general Guasmo Sur durante el periodo 2017-2018.

Abstract

Introduction: The ductus arteriosus represents the persistence of the terminal portion of the sixth bronchial arch. In intrauterine life, the Ductus diverts blood from the lungs that is filled with fluids to the descending aorta and the placenta, maintaining a tonic degree of constriction in utero; the same as at birth is constricted and obliterated separating the systemic from the pulmonary circulation. Objective: To analyze the treatment of patent ductus arteriosus in premature infants during their stay in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit at the General Hospital Guasmo Sur during the period 2017-2018. Materials and Methods: It is a non-experimental, descriptive, retrospective study made up of 75 preterm newborns who were evolved under the ICD10 corresponding to the diagnosis of Arterial duct persistence, in the period between 2017-2018. Expected results: It was evidenced that 63% of the newborns belonged to the female sex, gestational age with 56% between 28 and 31 weeks, the birth weight with 52% had very low birth weight: <1500 gr and> 1000 gr; In relation to risk factors, the most prevalent were urinary tract infections with 41% and gestational diabetes with 23%. Echocardiographic findings were analyzed as a diagnostic means. The types of arterial ducts were classified as silent, small, moderate and large; the most frequent moderate type of DAP was 43%, followed by the small one with 39%. The treatment used for DAP was; exclusive breastfeeding with 36%, in 61% pharmacological treatment with paracetamol was applied in doses of 60 mg/kg/day for a period of 3 to 7 days and surgical treatment in 3% of neonates with DAP. Conclusions: A Guide for the management of persistent ductus arteriosus is proposed, in order to provide safe and timely management in the approach to preterm infants with DAP.